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Authors: S. Wolf, M. Lauermann, P.C. Schindler, G. Ronniger, K. Geistert, R. Palmer, S. Koeber, W. Bogaerts, J. Leuthold, W. Freude, C. Koos
Title: DAC-Less Amplifier-Less Generation and Transmission of QAM Signals Using Sub-Volt Silicon-Organic Hybrid Modulators
Format: International Journal
Publication date: 3/2015
Journal/Conference/Book: Journal of Lightwave Technology
Volume(Issue): 33(7) p.1425 - 1432
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2015.2394511
Citations: 50 (Dimensions.ai - last update: 6/10/2024)
43 (OpenCitations - last update: 27/6/2024)
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Abstract

We demonstrate generation and transmission of optical signals by directly interfacing highly efficient silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulators to binary output ports of a field-programmable gate array. Using an SOH Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) and an SOH IQ modulator we generate ON–OFF-keying and binary phase-shift keying signals as well as quadrature phase-shift keying and 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) formats. Peak-to-peak voltages amount to only 0.27 Vpp for driving the MZM and 0.41 Vpp for the IQ modulator. Neither digital-to-analog converters nor drive amplifiers are required, and the RF energy consumption in the modulator amounts to record-low 18 fJ/bit for 16QAM signaling.

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