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Authors: D. Taillaert, F. Van Laere, M. Ayre, W. Bogaerts, D. Van Thourhout, P. Bienstman, R. Baets
Title: Grating Couplers for Coupling between Optical Fibers and Nanophotonic Waveguides
Format: International Journal
Publication date: 8/2006
Journal/Conference/Book: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics (invited)
Editor/Publisher: The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 
Volume(Issue): 45(8A) p.6071-6077
DOI: 10.1143/jjap.45.6071
Citations: 596 (Dimensions.ai - last update: 6/10/2024)
415 (OpenCitations - last update: 3/5/2024)
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Abstract

Nanophotonic waveguides and components are promising for use in the large-scale integration of photonic circuits. Coupling light between nanophotonic waveguides and a single-mode fiber is an important problem and many different solutions have been proposed and demonstrated in recent years. In this paper, we discuss a grating coupler approach. Grating couplers can be placed anywhere on a circuit and can easily be integrated. We have experimentally demonstrated >30% coupling efficiency with a 1 dB bandwidth of 40 nm on standard wafers. Theoretically, the coupling efficiency can be improved to >90% using an optimized grating design and layer stack. The fabrication of the couplers in silicon-on-insulator and in indium phosphide membranes is also discussed.

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